Introduction: The respiratory system, one of the most important organs of the body, can be affected by adverse effects, disorders and consequences in the workplace. Spirometry is one of the most important screening and testing tools in the periodic MEDICAL examination of every employee. This study was aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the respiratory function of staff of TEHRAN UNIVERSITY of MEDICAL SCIENCES ((TUMS)). Material and Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study carried out on 300 employees of (TUMS) according on during the enrollment phase of the TEHRAN UNIVERSITY of MEDICAL SCIENCES employee’ s cohort (TEC) study was in order to survey the parameters affecting pulmonary function. Demographic data were collected through a demographic questionnaire. Spirometry was used to evaluate respiratory function parameters and bioelectric impedance was used to analyze body composition. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software version 25. Two-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the effect of independent variables on the parameters of pulmonary function. Results: It was found that 73. 6% of the subjects had a normal lung pattern, 7% had an obstructive pattern, 14. 7% had a threatening pattern and 4. 7% had a mixed pattern. There was a significant negative correlation between FVC and FEV1 parameters and smoking (P-value <0. 05). There was also a significant relationship between FFM, age and BMI with FEV1/FVC (P-value <0. 05). Similarly, there was a meaningful relationship between type of job and FVC parameter (P-value <0. 05). The findings showed that the highest and the lowest averages of all parameters of pulmonary function was in administrative and occupational services, public and technical services and facilities, security and guard, respectively. Conclusion: In the present study, it was found that occupation type affects lung function due to exposure to contaminants in different groups. Other factors affecting lung function included age, body mass index, fat mass, fat free mass and smoking. Therefore, changing lifestyle such as proper diet, regular exercise and not smoking can be an effective step towards improving the parameters of lung function.

Background: Informal health payment in several middle and low income countries is a serious impediment to health care reform. This payment is effectively a form of systemic corruption. Informal health payments have adverse impact on access and utilization of health services, efficiency, quality and equity. Informal payments lead to false information about the real costs of disease and the patient share of these costs and consequently wrong government policies. The objective of this paper is analyses of informal payments among hospitals covered under TEHRAN UNIVERSITY of MEDICAL SCIENCES ((TUMS)) 2009.Materials & Methods: In this cross- sectional study, we used random sampling and selected finally 3 hospitals. Then in a simple random sampling, we recruited 300 discharged patients from general, surgery, emergency, ICU & CCU wards. All of the data are collected by interview and questionnaire. We analyzed data with Chi- Square, T-test, Annova, Bonferroni.Results: According to the findings, of the total 300 respondents in the study sample, about 3.7% had requested informal payment. 21% of respondents reported at least one informal payment. Cash payments constituted the bulk of total informal payment (88.8%). In the majority of the cases, the Patient paid for appreciation (55.6%). All of the people who had paid informal payment, it has been paid to the servant and maid, Only in one case, in addition to the servant and maid, the Guardian has also been paid. None of the socio-economic characteristics of the family, insurance status, type of referral, payment form (voluntary or solicited) were related to the size of informal payments. And there is a relationship between length of stay and size of informal payment (p-value=0.015). There isn't relationship between these factors- except marital status (p-value=0.042) - and frequency of informal payments.Conclusion: It seems that training about informal payments properly, increasing health sector resources, increasing official income levels, improving quantity and quality of health services and Trying to change the opinions which believes informal payments are necessary (changing culture) can be effective in controlling informal payments.

Background and Aim: The operating room is one of the main units in a hospital, where the most important phase of treatment is performed.Due to the physical properties, use of gases, and different electric devices in the operating room, the safety of both the patients and the staff should be considered carefully. This study aims to estimate the safety standards of the operating rooms in ‎ TEHRAN UNIVERSITY Hospitals and to provide solutions to the existing problems.Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in the operating rooms of (TUMS) hospitals. The research instrument was a checklist used by interviewers while observing the place. The safety standards were studied in terms of physical environment, protection against fire‎, personnel safety, patients' safety, and infection control. The data were analyzed by SPSS software.Results: The overall safety of the operating rooms of (TUMS) hospitals was found to be 84.9 percent. The figures for infection control and personnel safety, however, were lower.Conclusion: The operating rooms of TEHRAN UNIVERSITY of MEDICAL SCIENCES hospitals were studied in terms of five safety standards. Considering the physical environment, fire protection, and patient safety, they were quite safe but as to infection control they were relatively safe. However, they were found to be unsafe regarding the safety of their staff. TEHRAN Heart Center with an overall safety of 97.5% for its operating rooms can be considered as a model for the other (TUMS) treatment centers.

Objective: Hospital performance in the utilization of resources can be assessed using the specified criteria. The Pabon-Lasso provides a realistic assessment of the current situation and gives a strategy for a more efficient use of health care services. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of teaching hospitals affiliated to (TUMS) using the Pabon-Lasso Model.Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional and retrospective study; and eight general hospitals of (TUMS) were evaluated in year 2012. We used three indicators (bed occupancy rate, average length of stay, and bed turnover rate), which are gained from statistical database of (TUMS). The data were analyzed by excel software and Pabon-Lasso graph.Result: There were 4 (50 percent) hospitals in quadrant 4, one (12.5 percent) hospital in quadrant 3, three (37.5 percent) hospitals in quadrant 2 and there was no any hospital in quadrant 1.Conclusion: Pobon-Lasso chart help us to compare the three key indicators of hospital performance simultaneity in addition to assessment of centers performance in respect of governance.

Background and Aim: Self-reliance is a psychological belief that is formed in an individual during growth and is not changed easily and quickly. The present study aims to evaluate the relationship between nursing managers’ self-reliance and patients’ satisfaction in hospitals affiliated to TEHRAN UNIVERSITY of MEDICAL SCIENCES ((TUMS)).Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 400 individuals (200 nursing managers and 200 patients) were interviewed in various clinical wards of (TUMS) hospitals. Nursing managers' self-reliance and patients' satisfaction were evaluated using a structured questionnaire.The data were entered into Stata 11 software and analyzed with non-parametric ANOVA and Spearman's correlation coefficient tests. The significance level was determined to be p<0.05.Results: Of the nursing managers, 58 (29%) were male and 142 (71%) were female. The mean and SD of their self-reliance were 134.9 and 19.8, respectively. The patients, however, comprised 81 (40.5%) males and 118(59.5%) females. The mean and the standard deviation of patients’ satisfaction were 57 and 18.2, respectively; the only individual factors affecting their level of satisfaction were educational level (p<0.005) and insurance status (p<0.0001). Besides, a multivariate analysis showed that there was a significant negative association between managers' self-esteem and patients' satisfaction (P=0.04).Conclusion: The findings revealed that female managers had less self-esteem than male managers. Moreover, it showed that managers’ higher self-esteem would cause patients’ lower satisfaction. Furthermore, patients with higher education and/or with health insurance were more satisfied than others.

Introduction: This study aimed to identify the level of knowledge of dental authors regarding the use of MeSH indexing tools in research by comparing the keywords of the articles published in Iranian dental journals indexed in PubMed. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and applied study, a total of 1, 091 keywords in 239 research articles published in 20 issues of 5 Iranian dental Latin journals indexed in PubMed in 2016 were matched with MeSH descriptors. The keywords were classified according to the degree of compliance in three groups of exact compliance, relative compliance, and noncompliance. Results: According to the results, 483 (44. 3%), 153 (14%), and 455 (41. 7%) keywords had exact compliance, relative compliance, and non-compliance with MeSH descriptors, respectively. The three keywords, namely Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, were among the top most frequent keywords with exact compliance, relative compliance, and noncompliance with MeSH descriptors, respectively. Conclusion: The articles in all the reviewed journals, with the exception of the Journal of Dentistry of TEHRAN UNIVERSITY of MEDICAL SCIENCES, were prone to the risk of nonretrieval and anonymity due to the inefficiency of researchers in using MeSH for keyword selection.

Background and Aim: Employees suggestion plan (ESP) is designed to encourage and improve employees’ participation in developmental planning. The establishment of this system needs cultural, individual and structural preparedness.This study is aimed to determine organizational preparedness in TEHRAN UNIVERSITY of MEDICAL SCIENCES ((TUMS)).Materials and Methods: This research was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted in (TUMS) headquarters in TEHRAN, Iran. The heterogeneous sample of this study consisted of 155 employees. They were asked to fill out a researcher-made questionnaire to assess their attitude towards organizational preparedness for ESP establishment. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. The data were analyzed by SPSS, and descriptive results were presented. The data were also analyzed by Friedman and ANOVA statistical methods.Results: Most of the employees had a positive attitude towards the existence of individual and cultural preparedness for ESP establishment in (TUMS). However, they believed the desired structural preparedness for this process did not exist.Conclusion: The desired organizational preparedness for ESP establishment exists in (TUMS), although structural preparedness is not desirable. Therefore, it is suggested that necessary modifications should be made in (TUMS) organizational structure for effective ESP implementation.

The present research was conducted with the aim of the relationship between social factors and family violence against children (child abuse). The used method was a survey and the data collection tool was also a questionnaire. From a total of 155 families with a history of child abuse based on the social emergency statistics of TEHRAN in the last 6 months of 1397, 110 families (parents with one or more children) were selected in District 9 of TEHRAN Municipality. The random sampling method was simple. In the present study, children under 11 years (6-11 years) were defined as the age range of children and family violence was also defined as violence applied by parents, older siblings. Research hypotheses were tested with SPSS statistical software through Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results showed that the experience of violence has a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against children and family violence against children. In other results, it was found that violence-oriented mentality has a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against children and family violence against children. In the continuation of the obtained results, the positive relationship of family problems with mental violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children was confirmed and it was found that gender stereotypes have a positive relationship with mental violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children. Finally, in the main hypothesis, the results showed: social factors have a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children.